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Trichoderma harzianum: Biocontrol & Growth-Promoting Agent for Modern Agriculture

A Widely Distributed Beneficial Soil Fungus Trichoderma harzianum is a filamentous fungus belonging to the Hypocreaceae family, widely distributed in soils, plant residues and rhizosphere ecosystems around the world. As one of the most studied and widely applied beneficial microorganisms, it has been verified by decades of scientific research and field practice, and has become […]

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The Applications and Distinctions of Rhizobacteria and Mycorrhizae in Agriculture

Rhizobacteria: The Microscopic “Service Team” Surrounding Plant Roots 1. What are rhizobacteria? Rhizobacteria refer to a class of beneficial bacteria that colonize the surface of plant roots and the few millimeters of soil immediately surrounding them (known as the rhizosphere). They do not constitute a single species but rather comprise a diverse group of plant

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Fulvic acid modulates the response of amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids, and mineral elements in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under nitrate stress

Introduction Exogenous substances such as methyl jasmonate, betaine, and fulvic acid (FA), are sprayed in appropriate concentrations to increase the nutrient content of vegetables. FA is the best and most potent humus component; as a plant growth regulator, it promotes crop growth, improves crop quality, facilitates mineral uptake and transportation, and makes plants more salt-tolerant.

Fulvic acid modulates the response of amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids, and mineral elements in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under nitrate stress Read More »

The Applications of Red Algae in Agriculture and Their Distinctions from Other Algae

In the agricultural sector, algae are evolving from traditional “fertilizers” into multifunctional “biostimulants” and “green inputs.” Notably, red algae—distinguished by the unique polysaccharide composition of their cell walls—exhibit mechanisms of action and application scenarios that differ markedly from those of other algal groups, particularly brown algae. Red algae primarily function as highly effective biostimulants through

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Fulvic Acid and Amino Acids Enhanced Yield and Improved Nutrient Profile of Soilless Iceberg Lettuce

Introduction Biostimulants such as fulvic acid (FA) and Amino acids (AAs) are natural or synthetic substances that enhance plant growth, yield, and stress tolerance by stimulating physiological processes without acting as conventional nutrients or pesticides. In agriculture, their primary purpose is to improve nutrient-use efficiency, enhance crop quality, and mitigate the effects of abiotic stresses,

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Xanthan Gum: The Bio-Based Adjuvant for Superior Agricultural Formulations

The Premier Bio-Based Polymer for Agriculture Xanthan Gum (XG), a high-molecular-weight extracellular polysaccharide, is primarily biosynthesized through the fermentation of Xanthomonas campestris bacteria. First identified in the mid-1950s by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Northern Regional Research Laboratory during its survey of beneficial microorganisms, it was commercialized in 1964. In 1969, it gained official approval

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The Role and Impact of Trichoderma harzianum in Agriculture

Trichoderma harzianum is one of the most widely applied and versatile “all-rounders” in the field of agricultural microbiology. Compared to conventional microbial fertilizers—which typically focus on a single function (such as nitrogen fixation or phosphorus solubilization)—its core advantage lies in combining precise disease control with comprehensive growth promotion, operating through mechanisms that are both more

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Biostimulants with glycine betaine or kelp extract alleviate heat stress in red raspberry

Biostimulants such as glycine betaine and kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract are an emerging and innovative class of products that may mitigate the adverse efects of extreme heat. Results demonstrate genotype and biostimulants vary in their ability to mitigate heat stress over time. Results indicate biostimulants containing glycine betaine and kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract enhance thermotolerance

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Fulvic Acid, Chitosan, and Amino Acids Improve Productivity and Bioactive Composition

Fulvic Acid, Chitosan, and Amino Acids are a common biostimulant. Biostimulants are increasingly recognized in modern agriculture as eco-friendly inputs that enhance plant growth, improve stress tolerance, and promote product quality. This study investigated the effects of fulvic acid, amino acids, and chitosan on the growth, yield, and nutritional quality of parsley grown under hydroponic

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Which fertilizers can be used as biopesticides?

In today’s world, where the philosophy of green agriculture has taken deep root, the concept of “integrated fertilizer-pesticide application” has emerged as a crucial technical pathway for achieving reduced pesticide use while enhancing agricultural efficiency. Certain substances naturally possess a dual identity: they not only provide crops with essential nutrients but also effectively eliminate or

Which fertilizers can be used as biopesticides? Read More »

The Role of Glycine Betaine in Enhancing Plant Performance and Defense Mechanisms Against Environmental Stress

Against the backdrop of climate change, abiotic stresses are recognized as significant environmental challenges that limit global agricultural productivity. These stresses disrupt the normal growth and developmental processes of plants. A plant’s capacity to tolerate these stresses is closely linked to its recovery mechanisms. Glycine betaine—also known simply as betaine—is a methylated derivative of glycine

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Fulvic Acid: Boost Fertilizer Efficiency for Blending

Fulvic acid is the component of humic acid with the smallest molecular weight and the highest activity, serving as the essence of humic acid’s effective ingredients. In practical agricultural applications, it also demonstrates the best stability in performance. As the core component of soil humus, fulvic acid is a low-molecular-weight, fully water-soluble organic aromatic substance

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Synergistic effects of PGPR and amino acids on growth, productivity, and Nitrogen availability of edamame

Introduction Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth. However, excessive application of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers can lead to environmental degradation. The availability of nitrogen in leguminous plants can be enhanced by utilizing nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium. These bacteria capture atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into compounds that can be absorbed by plants.

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What are the advantages of enzymatically extracted seaweed fertilizer in agriculture?

The primary methods for extracting seaweed fertilizers fall into four main categories: physical extraction, chemical extraction, biological fermentation, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Among these, enzymatic hydrolysis and physical extraction are regarded as the currently most advanced and superior mainstream processes, as they are gentle, highly efficient, and capable of preserving the natural active ingredients of the

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Advancing Sustainable Wheat Production Through Biofertilization with Azospirillum,Trichoderma and Fermented Anchovy

Introduction Biofertilizers such as Trichoderma viride have emerged as a sustainable alternative to improve plant nutrition, increase tolerance to stress factors,and reduce reliance on syn-thetic fertilizers.Within this group,species of the genus Trichoderma,particularly Trichoderma viride,stand out for their ability to promote plant growth,enhance soil fertility,and biologically control soil pathogens,making them key tools for developing more resilient

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What is Thidiazuron and what are its applications in agriculture?

What is Thidiazuron? Thidiazuron (TDZ) is a highly effective plant growth regulator belonging to the phenylurea class of compounds. In agricultural production, it serves a dual role: at low concentrations, it exhibits extremely potent cytokinin activity (exceeding that of conventional cytokinins by more than 1,000-fold), while at high concentrations, it functions as a defoliant. Core

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An Investigation into Drought Tolerance: The Case of the Beet

Drought stress is a major environmental factor limiting global sugar beet production. Water deficit impairs photosynthesis, disrupts osmotic balance, induces oxidative stress, and disturbs source–sink relationships, ultimately leading to inhibited root growth, reduced sucrose accumulation, and decreased overall yield. Introduction Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is the world’s second most important sugar crop, with an

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Auxin: A Key Plant Growth Regulator

1. The Emergence of Auxin: The First Plant Growth Regulator Early Observations and Experiments: The concept of auxin, the first identified plant growth regulator, originated from studies on plant phototropism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Charles Darwin and his son (1880) discovered that the tip of the oat coleoptile is the light-sensitive

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Effect of glycine betaine and salicylic acid on different traits of soybean crop

Introduction Glycine betaine is an amino acid that has important physiological roles, for plant growth and development such as osmotic regulation, which maintains water balance under water stress conditions. Salicylic acid is one of the antitranspirants and has many physiological roles such as controlling the opening and closing of stomata, encouraging flowering, delaying aging, stimulating production, and is considered one of

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What fertilizers can serve as substitutes for seaweed fertilizers in terms of stress resistance?

Influenced by the international geopolitical landscape and adjustments to export policies, China has currently implemented export restrictions on fertilizer products with high nitrogen content—including certain seaweed fertilizers and complex amino acid fertilizers. Concurrently, against the backdrop of global climate change, the demand for agricultural inputs possessing stress-resistance capabilities continues to rise. Accordingly, the following section

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Humic acid, fish protein, amino acids, and seaweed fertilizer—which one is the best?

In agriculture, the above four substances can be used as nutrient soil additives, rooting and root strengthening fertilizer additives, soil modifiers, plant growth regulators, leaf fertilizer compounds, cold resistance agents, drought resistance agents, compound fertilizer synergists, etc. Humic acid fertilizer combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements has the functions of increasing fertilizer efficiency,

Humic acid, fish protein, amino acids, and seaweed fertilizer—which one is the best? Read More »

The Differences and Applications Between Green Seaweed Extract and Black Seaweed Extract

Seaweed extract refers to using large algae growing in the ocean as raw materials, through chemical, physical or biological methods, to extract the natural nutrients needed for crop growth and development in the seaweed, including a variety of natural plant growth regulators ( Auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, alginic acid, seaweed polyphenols, protein amino acids, nucleotides, plant

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Differences and applications of GA3 and GA4+7 in agriculture

GA3 (gibberellin) and GA4+7 (a mixture of gibberellin A4 and A7) are the two most widely used gibberellins in agricultural production. Although both are plant growth regulators, they differ significantly in their core efficacy and applicable scenarios. Based on current research, I will explain their differences in detail from three dimensions: mechanism of action, differentiated

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Unveiling the potential of seaweed extracts biostimulants in modern agriculture

Seaweed extracts have emerged as potent biostimulants in sustainable agriculture, with the aim of boosting plant productivity and resilience to environmental stresses. Seaweed extraction encompasses both conventional and green extraction techniques, such as acid or alkaline hydrolysis, enzyme-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasound extraction. Seaweed extracts regulate hormonal balance, control nutrient transporters, accelerate photosynthesis, and

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The role of caffeic acid in alleviating abiotic stress in plants

Caffeic acid, a natural phenolic compound, plays a multifaceted and positive role in helping plants cope with abiotic stresses such as low temperature, salinity, and drought. It primarily enhances plant resistance through core mechanisms such as strengthening antioxidant systems, protecting cell structure, and regulating osmotic substances. Core Mechanism: Comprehensive Regulation from Genes to Phenotypes The

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Effect of Humic and Fulvic Acids on the Yield of Maize

Introduction Humic organic matter, including humic acid, plays an effective role in improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, by the interaction of these compounds with soil minerals and then improve the physical properties of the soil as well as the adsorption capacity of mineral elements, humic organic acids affect the improvement of plant

Effect of Humic and Fulvic Acids on the Yield of Maize Read More »

Applications of chili pepper extract and garlic extract in agriculture

Chili pepper extract and garlic extract are two important types of plant-derived natural products in agriculture. Simply put, garlic extract is mainly used as a “plant antibiotic” for sterilization and disease prevention, while chili pepper extract (mainly referring to industrial chili peppers) plays a unique role in biopesticides and a wider range of industrial fields

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Fulvic Acid vs. Potassium Fulvate: Key Differences

In modern agricultural production, humic acid substances have become core efficiency-enhancing components in the fertilizer industry due to their multiple benefits for soil improvement and crop growth. Among the large family of humic acids, fulvic acid, as the core component with the smallest molecular weight and the most prominent activity, has become the preferred raw

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Humic Substances in Biological Agriculture

Humic substances are the most widely distributed organic products of biosynthesis on the face of the earth, exceeding the amount of carbon contained in all living organisms by approximately one order of magnitude. Soil organic matter is defined as the total of all naturally occurring organic (carbon-based) substances found in soils that originate from living things. The process of changing from recognizable bits and pieces of plants (or animals) to an amorphous,

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The role and impact of humic acid and microbial fertilizers in agriculture

Humic acid can be understood as a soil conditioner and a crop tonic. It primarily works on a physical and chemical level—improving soil structure (loosening compacted soil), increasing fertilizer utilization (reducing fertilizer waste), stimulating root growth, and enhancing crop resistance (such as drought and cold resistance), ultimately increasing yield and quality. Microbial fertilizers can be

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Organic Amendments for Sustainable Agriculture: Effects on Soil Function, Crop Productivity and Carbon Sequestration Under Variable Contexts

Soil amendments play a critical role in improving soil health and supporting sustainable crop production, especially under declining soil fertility and climate-related stress. However, their impact varies because each amendment influences the soil through different biogeochemical processes rather than a single universal mechanism. It synthesizes current knowledge on a wide range of soil amendments, including compost,

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Unlock the Power of Ascophyllum Nodosum for Plants

Ascophyllum nodosum, a unique brown seaweed native to the cold, clean waters of the North Atlantic, has become one of the most valuable natural resources in modern sustainable agriculture. Harvested from regions such as Norway, Iceland, Canada and the United Kingdom, this seaweed survives extreme tides, temperature changes and harsh environments, developing a rich composition

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The impact of humic acid on soil biological activity

Humic acid, as the main component of soil organic matter, has a profound and multi-dimensional impact on soil biological activity. It is not simply a stimulant or inhibitor, but a complex ecological regulator that exerts precise control over soil life systems through various means, including directly participating in biochemical reactions, shaping microbial habitats, and mediating

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Organic Biostimulants: Concepts, Classification and Future

Concepts and Classification Concept of Organic Biostimulants Organic biostimulants are substances and/or microorganisms that, when applied to plants orsoils in small quantities, enhance the plant’s natural processes to improve growth, nutrient use efficiency, stress tolerance and overall crop performance. Unlike traditional fertilizers that supply essential nutrients (N, P, K), biostimulants do not directly provide nutrients

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Applications and effects of abscisic acid(ABA) on grapes

The application of abscisic acid (ABA) in grape cultivation is one of the important achievements of modern fruit tree physiology and molecular biology research. As a key endogenous plant hormone, ABA not only deeply participates in the ripening initiation process of non-climacteric fruits (such as grapes, strawberries, and citrus), but is also a core technical

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Comparative Assessment Of Organic Biostimulants For Onion Yield Improvement Underclimate Stress

Organic biostimulants such as seaweed extracts, hemic substances, and plant-derived protein hydrolysates were applied to onion plants under controlled stress environments. It demonstrates that organic bio stimulants can mitigate the negative impacts of climate stress on onion productivity and suggests practical recommendations for their use in climate-resilient crop management strategies. These findings support the adoption

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The Role of Monomeric Amino Acids in Agriculture

Modern agriculture faces a dual challenge: meeting the ever-growing global food demand while simultaneously reducing the environmental costs of chemical fertilizers. Against this backdrop, monomeric amino acids, as biostimulants and novel nitrogen fertilizer carriers, are redefining the boundaries of plant nutrition. Unlike traditional studies of amino acid mixtures, recent explorations of the functions of single

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Applications of Poly-γ-glutamic acid

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ- PGA) is a biodegradable, water-soluble, and non-toxic biopolymer produced by various Bacillus species. Its unique properties make it suitable for diverse applications in food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and water treatment (Figure 1). Also, various commercial Poly-γ-glutamic acids have been studied for their functional properties and further applied in diverse applications (Table 1). Source

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What are the advantages of Humic Acid that is Derived From Leonardite?

Humic acid is a principal component of humic substances, which are the major organic constituents of soil, peat, and coal. It’s also a key organic component of many upland streams, dystrophic lakes, and ocean water. The humic acid used in fertilizers is often derived from leonardite, a substance formed from the decomposition of plant material in

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Microbial Poly-Glutamic Acid (γ- PGA): Production, Biosynthesis, Properties

γ- PGA is a naturally occurring biopolymer synthesized by various microorganisms, particularly species of Bacillus. The report delves into the challenges and advancements in cost-effective production strategies, addressing the economic constraints associated with large-scale γ-PGA synthesis. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxic nature make it a promising candidate for diverse industrial applications. γ-PGA’s exceptional water-holding capacity

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The importance of nitrogen in plant nutrition and the application of biostimulants.

Of all the essential nutrients, nitrogen (N) is the nutrient that normally produces the greatest yield response in crop plants, promoting rapid vegetative growth and giving the plant a healthy green color. And yet it is also the nutrient that most often limits crop growth. Choosing the right nitrogen fertilizer will reward your crops with

The importance of nitrogen in plant nutrition and the application of biostimulants. Read More »

Amino Acids: The Core of Plant Nutrition and Growth Regulation

Proteins are the fundamental building blocks of life, and amino acids are the basic units of proteins. Indispensable for plants, humans, and animals alike, amino acids not only serve as the primary nutrients for protein synthesis but also exhibit functional properties, directly participating in various physiological activities and hormone synthesis in both organisms. What Are

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Brown Algae-Derived Polysaccharides: From Sustainable Bioprocessing to Industrial Applications

Brown seaweeds are marine bioresources rich in bioactive compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. Among these substances, brown algae-derived polysaccharides (alginate, fucoidan, and laminarin) have promising industrial prospects owing to their distinctive structural features and diverse biological activities. Introduction Phaeophyceae, commonly known as brown algae, are a large and

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The role of Humic Substances in plant nutrition

In the agricultural sector, maximizing crop yields while maintaining soil health is a critical challenge. Humic substances play a vital role in addressing this challenge. From improving soil fertility to promoting plant growth, humic substances are increasingly recognized as powerful natural fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. What are Humic Substances? Humic substances are a broad and

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Opportunities for biostimulants and plant hormones to meet climate challenges

Climate stress tolerance can be managed through increased crop inputs (water, nutrients and soil amendments) and through improved management technologies, such as conservation tillage, shading and frost prevention, each of which can help mitigate environmental stress. While these approaches can be effective, rapid and flexible, they are time-intensive and depend upon the availability and cost-effectiveness

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The benefits of biostimulants in soybean cultivation

In the context of modern agriculture facing challenges such as soil degradation, climate change, and the need for sustainable development, soybean, as one of the world’s most important food and oil crops, urgently requires a transformation in its production methods. Biostimulants, an innovative solution based on plant physiology and soil ecology principles, are fundamentally changing

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The Role of Bio-Based Products in Plant Responses to Salt and Drought Stress

Agriculture faces increasing challenges in ensuring food security under a changing climate, where abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought represent major constraints to crop productivity. These stresses induce complex physiological and biochemical alterations in plants, including osmotic imbalance, oxidative damage, and disruption of metabolic pathways, ultimately impairing growth and yield. Introduction Abiotic stresses, such

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Seaweed Fertilizer: Applications, Efficacy, and Practical Guidelines

Recently, “natural plant (biological) stimulants” have gained sudden popularity. This category includes alginic acid, humic acid, amino acids, chitin, beneficial microbes, and more, offering multiple benefits such as nutrition supply, growth regulation, disease resistance, plant repair, immune enhancement, improved fertilizer utilization, and increased yields. Among these, seaweed extracts stand out prominently—numerous companies have simultaneously launched

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In-depth analysis of the causes of poor root development, stunted growth, and small fruit size

Plant growth and development is a highly coordinated physiological process. When it manifests as weak root systems, stunted growth, and incomplete fruit development, it is often a systemic warning signal indicating a disruption in the plant’s internal homeostasis. These symptoms do not exist in isolation, but rather represent a concentrated manifestation of the disruption in

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Role of Biostimulants in Sustainable Soybean Production

It is demonstrated that the sole application of biostimulants, including seaweed extracts, humic acids, amino acids, and beneficial microbes (Bradyrhizobium, PGPR, AMF), consistently enhanced soybean yield by 4% to 65%. These improvements are mediated through various physiological mechanisms such as enhanced nutrient uptake, improved root growth, increased photosynthetic efficiency, and elevated stress tolerance. Furthermore, biostimulant application

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The role of trace elements in rice cultivation

Although trace elements constitute less than 0.1% of the total nutrients required for rice growth, they play an irreplaceable role as “catalysts” and “regulators” in the plant’s life activities. As core components of enzymatic reactions, carriers of electron transport, and key factors in substance synthesis, they profoundly influence every physiological process of rice, from seed

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Genomics control of biostimulant-induced stress tolerance and crop yield enhancement

Biostimulants are changing modern agriculture, as they have the potential to secure healthy and sustainable food production while preserving the environment. They have two main biological effects: growth promotion and stress protection. Both effects can lead to enhancement of the yield and improvement of the marketable grade of the produce in crops, without compromising crop

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Application and Value of Fulvic Acid in Agriculture

Fulvic acid is a plant growth regulator that can promote plant growth, play a crucial role in drought resistance, enhance plant stress resistance, and improve crop yield and quality. As the component of humic acid with the smallest molecular weight and the highest activity, fulvic acid is the essence of the effective ingredients in humic

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How do biostimulants enhance plant stress tolerance by improving cellular defense, nutrient uptake, and hormone balance?

Biostimulants are a class of active substances derived from natural materials (such as seaweed extracts, humic acids, protein hydrolysates, and beneficial microorganisms) or synthetic analogs.  They do not directly act as plant nutrients but instead systematically enhance plants’ resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses by regulating plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Their mechanisms of

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Biostimulants with defense-inducing effects against low temperatures

Commercial biostimulants products from aquatic environments As a marine representative, the brown macroalga Ascophylum nodosum is the species most used in commercial biostimulant products. Products derived from A. nodosum (alone or together with other bioactive compounds) have been tested for their ability to induce chilling and freezing tolerance in plants (Table 1). Biostimulants Source Tested

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What is the Difference Between Wetting Agents and Surfactants

Wetting agents and surfactants are closely related but distinct. Simply put, all wetting agents are surfactants, but not all surfactants are effective wetting agents.Both wetting agents and surfactants help water interact better with surfaces, but they are not the same.Surfactants reduce surface tension, allowing liquids to mix, spread, or clean more effectively.Wetting agents are a

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Marine and terrestrial biostimulant elicitors of tolerance to cold stress

Cold stress in plants has been extensively studied and can affect various stages of plant’s life cycle, from seed formation to development, causing damage to cell membranes, impairing cell division, and disrupting water absorption. Consequently, researchers have focused on mitigating the impacts of abiotic stress by investigating bioactive molecules and biostimulants derived from various organisms,

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Cytokinin: 4 Essential Roles in Plant Growth

In 1963, Skoog isolated a cytokinin-like cell division promoter from immature maize kernels and named it zeatin. Two years later, at the proposal of Skoog and others, zeatin was renamed cytokinin (CK). With the deepening of research on cytokinins, researchers have found that cytokinins are generally produced in plant roots. They can not only promote

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Soil waterproofing and Mechanism of action of wetting agents

Soil itself is hydrophilic, but when it becomes “waterproof,” it is scientifically described as exhibiting “water repellency.” This is usually not a good thing, as it affects water infiltration and plant growth. Soil water repellency, or hydrophobicity, is a complex soil physicochemical phenomenon. It does not mean that the soil completely repels water, but rather

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Mitigate salt stress in maize using Ecklonia maxima seaweed extracts

Seaweed extract (SE) biostimulant, derived from Ecklonia maxima is popular now. And Salinity stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity, making it crucial to explore strategies that alleviate its adverse effects. This study, using Afrikelp® derived from Ecklonia maxima as an example, aims to investigat the impact on maize (Zea mays L.) plants subjected to

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Which fertilizers can be used as a substitute for Harpin protein?

Before delving into “alternatives,” we must first establish a crucial scientific understanding: Harpin protein is not essentially a fertilizer, but rather a highly effective “plant immune signal trigger” or “bio-stimulant.” Harpin is a protein produced by certain plant pathogenic bacteria (such as *Erwinia amylovora*, the causal agent of fire blight). It is not toxic to

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A review of the foliar application of individual amino acids as biostimulants in plants

Biostimulants, such as amino acids, offer natural and stable solutions to improve yield, growth, and resistance to external factors. They achieve this by reducing the impact of abiotic stress and stimulating plant defence mechanisms. As biostimulants, amino acids’ simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness have garnered recognition whilst offering natural and stable solutions to improve crop

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Harpin Proteins and Biostimulants: A Deep Analysis of Functional Overlap and Fundamental Differences

In the intersection of modern plant science and sustainable agriculture, harpin proteins and biostimulants have become key players in revolutionizing traditional agricultural practices. Both fall under the broad category of “plant physiological regulators,” aiming to improve crop performance through non-nutritional and non-toxic means. However, fundamental differences and subtle connections exist between them in terms of

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Effective Application of Biosurfactants in the Agricultural Industry

Biosurfactants constitute a subclass of green surfactants of biological origin, which can be obtained from plant extracts, roots, and fruits or through the metabolic transformation of microorganisms, especially bacteria, and yeasts. Microbial biosurfactants are the most efficient and widely studied and possess the same specifications as chemical surfactants, but they exhibit biodegradability, reduced toxicity, and

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The role of Ascophyllum nodosum biostimulants in agriculture

In the context of global challenges such as food security, environmental pressure, and climate change, seeking efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural production materials has become a top priority. Ascophyllum nodosum, a common brown algae, and its extract-based biostimulants, with their unique bioactive components, are emerging as a sustainable solution for promoting plant growth, enhancing stress

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Biosurfactants: Promising Biomolecules for Agricultural Applications

Extensive research has focused on the production of microbial-originated green surfactants, known as biosurfactants, over the past fifteen years. These biomolecules not only offer a green alternative for agriculture but also exhibit reduced toxicity and excellent stability under specific environmental conditions. Biosurfactants can lower surface tension more effectively than synthetic surfactants. With properties such as

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Potential Applications of Bacillus thuringiensis in Agriculture

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive bacterium widely found in soil and plant microenvironments. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, it has become one of the most influential microorganisms in global agriculture. Its application in agriculture centers on the insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) it produces, primarily δ-endotoxins (such as Cry proteins and Cyt

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Brown Algae Extracts Increase the Tolerance of Tomato Plants to High Temperatures

Currently, biostimulants in the horticultural sector are a tool that is being used to improve the yield and quality of vegetables under optimal and stressful growth conditions. In the present study, we evaluate the effects of foliar application of a hydroethanolic extract of Sargassum spp., a commercial extract based on Ascophyllum nodosum, and a control

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The differences between the three major types of seaweed fertilizers: Ecklonia maxima, Sargassum, and Ascophyllum nodosum

In the field of marine biostimulants and organic agricultural inputs, Ecklonia maxima, Sargassum, and Ascophyllum nodosum, as the three main sources of brown algae, each play an irreplaceable role. Although they are all classified as “seaweed fertilizers,” they differ significantly in their sources, composition, mechanisms of action, and application focus. This article will provide an

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Biofertilization and Bioremediation – How Can Microbiological Technology Assist the Ecological Crisis in Developing Countries

The increasing global demand for food caused by a growing world population has resulted in environmental problems, such as the destruction of ecologically significant biomes and pollution of ecosystems. At the same time, the intensification of crop production in modern agriculture has led to the extensive use of synthetic fertilizers to achieve higher yields. Although

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The combined effects of seaweed fertilizer and several common microbial fertilizers

Seaweed fertilizer and microorganisms are a powerful combo in sustainable farming: seaweed provides food and habitat (polysaccharides, nutrients) for beneficial soil microbes, while these microbes break down nutrients, improve soil structure, enhance water retention, and help plants absorb elements better, leading to healthier soil, better nutrient cycling, and improved crop yields through a synergistic “1+1 > 2” effect, boosting plant growth and stress resistance. 

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What are the differences between EDDHA chelates and EDTA chelates?

In the fields of agricultural trace element management and industrial chelating agents, EDDHA and EDTA are two crucial chelating agents. Despite their similar names and the fact that both are based on the ethylenediamine structure, they differ fundamentally in their chemical properties, stability, and application effects, and are by no means simple substitutes for each

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Biostimulants for sustainable development of agriculture: a bibliometric content analysis

The research on biostimulants is developing and has been attracting significant attention. It has focused on understanding the functional mechanisms of biostimulants and their impact on various indicators of sustainability. It suggests that biostimulants improve crop yield and product quality, reduce external application of fertilizers, enhance water-use efficiency, and improve crops’ capability to tolerate abiotic stresses.

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Plant amino acid derivatives mediate mechanisms of growth and stress responses

Plants produce numerous amino acid derivatives. Some are utilized by humans as medicines and nutrients, while many act as phytochemical signals regulating plant growth and stress tolerance. Fluctuating ecological conditions challenge plant development and agricultural productivity, making amino acid derivatives promising for agricultural applications to enhance plant resilience against biotic and environmental stresses. This review

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What are L-amino acids, and what are their applications in agriculture?

Amino acids are the basic building blocks of all life. They are organic compounds that combine to form proteins. Currently, we know of 500 amino acids, of which 20 (some scientists believe 21-23) are essential amino acids. “Essential amino acids” refer to those essential for human life. Since the human body cannot synthesize these amino

What are L-amino acids, and what are their applications in agriculture? Read More »

Bio-Based Surfactants and Biosurfactants

Natural surfactants are surface-active molecules synthesized from renewable resources (i.e., plants, animals, or microorganisms) and possess properties comparable to conventional surfactants, making them an environmentally friendly potential alternative to petrochemical surfactants. Additionally, they exhibit biological properties such as anti-microbial properties, biodegradability, and less toxicity, allowing their use in everyday products with minimal risk to human

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What is silicone, how does it differ from silicon?

What is Silicon? Silicon is an important and beneficial nutrient element. Although it is not an essential nutrient element for plant growth, (bioavailable) silicon has a significant impact on plants. By building an “internal framework” and “external armor” for plants, it fundamentally enhances the plant’s constitution, achieving the comprehensive goals of stress resistance, disease resistance,

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Unlocking the Potential of Biosurfactants in Agriculture

With rising environmental concerns and the urgent need for sustainable agricultural practices, biosurfactants have garnered significant attention. These naturally occurring, surface-active compounds produced by microorganisms offer eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Definition, Classification, and Structure of Microbial Surfactants Biosurfactants are surfactants derived from biological sources, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. These amphiphilic compounds are

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Top 5 Agricultural Biostimulants: Seaweed Acid, Humic acid,Amino Acids,Fish Protein,Chitin

The essence of agriculture lies in building a bridge of nutrients and vitality between soil and crops. With the rise of green agriculture, biostimulants—derived from natural sources like seaweed, animal and plant residues—are emerging as a new engine for modern farming. Unlike traditional fertilizers or pesticides, they are made by extracting active ingredients from natural raw

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Applications of rhamnolipids and three major biostimulants in agriculture

In the global pursuit of sustainable agricultural development, “reducing fertilizer and pesticide use, improving quality and increasing yield, and ensuring soil health” have become core objectives. While traditional chemical inputs can solve immediate needs, they also bring about soil degradation, environmental pollution, and concerns about agricultural product safety. In this wave of transformation, green biotechnology,

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Seaweed-derived plant boosters: revolutionizing sustainable farming and soil health

Seaweeds are abundant and valuable marine resources that contain a diverse range of bioactive compounds, including lipids, minerals, phytohormones, amino acids, carbohydrates, osmo-protectants, and antibacterial substances. Historically, seaweeds have been widely used in food, feed, and medicine, but their agricultural significance has gained increasing recognition in recent years. With the growing shift toward organic and

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Animal Source Amino Acids VS Plant Source Amino Acids

Amino acid fertilizers are functional fertilizers made from animal and plant proteins. Through chemical hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, or microbial fermentation, large protein molecules are broken down into small amino acids and oligopeptides that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. Their core value lies not only in supplementing nitrogen nutrition but also in acting

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The effective impact of Amino acid & Humic Acid on lawn

The application of biostimulants including Amino Acid and Humic Acid in fertilisation has been shown to enhance plant metabolism, stimulate physiological processes, and mitigate adverse environmental and pathogenic stresses. Introduction The presence of lawns in urban environments is significant, serving not only an aesthetic purpose but also a crucial role in promoting public health through

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Alginate Oligosaccharide (AOS) Promoted the Nutrient Uptake and Growth of Cucumber Seedlings Under Suboptimal Temperature Conditions

Under suboptimal temperature conditions, the application of AOS improved cucumber seedlings’ nutrient absorption and growth more efficiently than merely raising nutrient levels, as it enhanced root surface area, root vitality, and N metabolic enzyme activities. Introduction Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a widely cultivated horticultural crop that thrives at a temperature range of 22-32 ℃/15-18 ℃ (day/night).

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Liquid seaweed fertilizer VS Solid seaweed fertilizer:Which is better?

What is Seaweed fertilizer? Seaweed fertilizer is a pure natural fertilizer extracted from marine algae. It not only provides nutrients, but more importantly, it acts as a “biostimulant,” stimulating the plant’s own potential to achieve high yield, high quality, and healthy growth. Liquid and solid seaweed fertilizers are the two most common forms on the

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Biosurfactants are useful tools for the bioremediation of contaminated soil

Surfactants contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, therefore reducing surface and interfacial tensions of immiscible fluids and increasing the solubility and sorption of hydrophobic organic and inorganic compounds. It indicates the great potential of biosurfactants on the remediation of contaminated sites. Characteristics and properties of the surfactants The surface activity of surfactants derives from their

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Oligosaccharide elicitors in plant immunity

The recognition of oligosaccharide elicitors, which originate from both pathogens and hosts, by membrane-localized receptors is of fundamental importance for triggering host immunity and disease resistance. It is therefore a topic of utmost significance for agricultural and botanical research. Introduction By 2100, addressing global food production will become imperative for satisfying the demands of a

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Fish protein fertilizer VS seaweed fertilizer: Which is better?

What is fish protein fertilizer? Fish protein fertilizer is a highly efficient, green, and specialized organic fertilizer. It originates from fish (such as fish scales, skin, bones, and processing byproducts). Through modern biotechnology (such as enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation), large fish protein molecules are broken down into smaller peptides, amino acids, and free amino acids,

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The Component Secrets and Agricultural Application Prospects of Brown Algae Species

Beneath the vast, rolling waves of our oceans lies a group of unassuming yet remarkably valuable organisms—brown algae. Anchored to intertidal zones or thriving in deep-sea habitats, these algae endure the rigors of the marine environment, accumulating a wealth of nutritional compounds in the process. Among the brown algae family, four species stand out:Ascophyllum nodosum(knotted

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A compound of three major biostimulants: seaweed fertilizer, humic acid, and fulvic acid

What are Biostimulants? Biostimulants are substances or microorganisms applied to plants, seeds, or soil that enhance natural processes to improve nutrient uptake, increase stress tolerance, and boost growth and quality. Unlike fertilizers, they don’t supply nutrients directly but instead stimulate the plant’s own systems or improve soil biology, leading to more efficient nutrient use and better

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The Role of Organic Extracts as Alleviators of Drought Stress in Plants

Climate changes have exacerbated the progression of drought conditions on a global scalethreating to crop production and heightening concerns over food security. Water scarcity enforces alterations in fundamental morphology, physiology and biochemical traits in crops. Consequently, it is imperative to identify environmentally sustainable alternative solutions to mitigate this problem and enhance overall plant performance. Introduction

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Synthesis and Application of Biosurfactants

1.Introduction With the increasing global attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, traditional chemical surfactants are facing severe challenges. Most of these substances cause environmental pollution and thus are subject to increasingly strict regulations by environmental protection laws of various countries, which has prompted researchers to actively explore greener and more efficient alternatives, and biosurfactants

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Differences in agricultural applications between kelp and seaweed extracts

In today’s pursuit of ecological sustainability and agricultural product safety, kelp and seaweed, with their unique biological activity, are moving from the ocean to the fields, becoming an indispensable part of modern green agriculture. They are no longer simply sources of organic matter, but powerful “soil conditioners,” “plant growth stimulants,” and “biopesticides,” collectively forming a

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Growing vegetables in a warming world – a review of crop response to drought stress, and strategies to mitigate adverse effects in vegetable production

Introduction Drought stress is one of the environmental factors that most severely affects agricultural productivity worldwide. As the frequency and intensity of droughts increase due to climate change, understanding and enhancing drought resistance of vegetable crops has become even more important. Most vegetable crops are primarily composed of water, making them particularly vulnerable to drought

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The role of Rhamnolipids in agriculture

The Versatile Performer in Green Agriculture: Rhamnolipids Lead a New Revolution in Biostimulants and Biopesticides In the global wave of pursuing green and sustainable agricultural development, the dominance of chemical agents is facing strong challenges from natural, efficient, and environmentally friendly products. Among them, a biosurfactant called rhamnolipids is moving from the laboratory to the

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Biosurfactant: Production and Application

Microbial surfactants (Biosurfactants) are amphiphilic compounds produced in living spaces or excreted extracellular hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties that confer on the organism the ability to accumulate between fluid phases thus reducing surface and interfacial tension. Biosurfactants are produced by several microorganisms which include Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus sp, Candida antartica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The physiological role of

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Compound application of chitosan oligosaccharide in agriculture

What is chitosan oligosaccharide? Chitosan oligosaccharides are a mixture of oligosaccharides composed of 2-10 glucosamine molecules linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.Simply put, they are products with smaller molecular weights obtained through the further degradation of the natural polysaccharide chitosan. Chitosan itself originates from chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature (after cellulose). We can understand

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Effects of the Combination of Amino Acid Fertilizer and Rhamnolipid on Crop Salt Tolerance and Yield

Affected by climate change and human activities, soil salinization is intensifying globally, leading to a decline in land productivity. It is reported that by 2050, 50% of the world’s arable land may be affected by salinization. High concentrations of salt ions in salinized soil reduce plants’ photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient absorption capacity, cause physiological and

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Using Brown Algae in the Plant – Soil System: A Sustainable Approach to Improving the Yield and Quality of Agricultural Crops

The use of brown algae, being a renewable resource, is a promising option with various application options in agricultural systems, mainly in the form of extracts, direct applications, and compost. Brown algae are a source of active biomolecules and minerals that are currently used as agricultural biostimulants, since they increase crop productivity. This type of

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